Interesting ECGs. Interesting echoes.

Congenital heart disease. Valvular heart disease.

Coronary intervention. Medical aspects of coronary artery disease.

Mitral regurgitation Etiology and pathology Mitral valve apparatus- Papillary muscles Chordae tendineae Leaflets Annulus Common causes of MR- Rheumatic MVP CAD Cardiomyopathy (dilated, hypertrophic) IE Annular calcification List of causes of MR- Papillary muscles- CAD (ischemia, MI) Severe anemia Shock Amyloidosis Sarcoidosis Abscess Granuloma Neoplasm Dilated cardiomyopathy Trauma Rupture (MI) Parachute mitral valve Chordae tendineae-

Mitral stenosis Etiology MS is rheumatic in 99% cases. Rheumatic heart disease- Mitral – 65% Aortic- 35% Tricuspid- 6% Pulmonary- rare RHD is multivalvular in 38% cases. Rheumatic mitral valve disease- MS- 25% MS + MR- 40% Aschoff nodules are present in myocardium. Fish mouth or button hole appearance Correlation between pathology and type of

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